Разработка E2E-тестов для сайта (Selenium)

Разработка E2E-тестов для сайта (Selenium)

Selenium WebDriver — старейший стандарт автоматизации браузеров. Поддерживает все основные браузеры, все языки программирования, интегрируется с TestNG, JUnit, pytest. Выбирают когда нужна кросс-браузерная совместимость через Selenium Grid или уже есть legacy-инфраструктура.

Selenium 4 + Python (pytest)

# requirements.txt
selenium>=4.0
pytest
pytest-html

# conftest.py
import pytest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
def driver():
    options = Options()
    options.add_argument('--headless=new')
    options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')

    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    driver.set_window_size(1280, 900)

    yield driver
    driver.quit()

Базовые тесты

# tests/test_login.py
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class TestLogin:
    def test_valid_login(self, driver):
        driver.get('https://example.com/login')

        driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-cy="email"]').send_keys('[email protected]')
        driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-cy="password"]').send_keys('password123')
        driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '[data-cy="submit"]').click()

        wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
        wait.until(EC.url_contains('/dashboard'))

        assert '/dashboard' in driver.current_url

    def test_invalid_login(self, driver):
        driver.get('https://example.com/login')

        driver.find_element(By.ID, 'email').send_keys('[email protected]')
        driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password').send_keys('wrongpass')
        driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[@type="submit"]').click()

        error = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.error-message'))
        )
        assert 'Неверный' in error.text

Page Object Model

# pages/login_page.py
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class LoginPage:
    URL = '/login'

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

    def open(self):
        self.driver.get(f'https://example.com{self.URL}')
        return self

    def enter_email(self, email: str):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'email').send_keys(email)
        return self

    def enter_password(self, password: str):
        self.driver.find_element(By.ID, 'password').send_keys(password)
        return self

    def submit(self):
        self.driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[type=submit]').click()
        return self

    def get_error_message(self) -> str:
        element = self.wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'error')))
        return element.text

Selenium 4 + Java (TestNG)

// LoginTest.java
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;

public class LoginTest {
    private WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() {
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("--headless=new");
        driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
        driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1280, 900));
    }

    @Test
    public void testSuccessfulLogin() {
        driver.get("https://example.com/login");
        driver.findElement(By.id("email")).sendKeys("[email protected]");
        driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("password123");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type='submit']")).click();

        Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("/dashboard"),
            "Should redirect to dashboard after login");
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) driver.quit();
    }
}

Selenium Grid — параллельный запуск

# docker-compose-grid.yml
services:
  selenium-hub:
    image: selenium/hub:4.18
    ports:
      - "4442:4442"
      - "4443:4443"
      - "4444:4444"

  chrome-node:
    image: selenium/node-chrome:4.18
    environment:
      SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST: selenium-hub
    depends_on: [selenium-hub]
    deploy:
      replicas: 3

  firefox-node:
    image: selenium/node-firefox:4.18
    environment:
      SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST: selenium-hub
    depends_on: [selenium-hub]

# Подключение к Grid
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import RemoteWebDriver

driver = RemoteWebDriver(
    command_executor='http://selenium-hub:4444/wd/hub',
    options=ChromeOptions()
)

Срок реализации

Настройка + Page Objects + 30 тест-кейсов: 5–8 дней.